It is the second oldest clade after A, and it is spread very thinly throughout the continent. Haplogroup B (M60) is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup common to paternal lineages in Africa. In human genetics, Haplogroup E (M96) is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. This lineage was likely the first to disperse around Africa approximately 90-130 thousand years ago. Y-DNA STR test results will display the names of the markers tested, and a corresponding value for those markers. By tracking these changes, we constructed a family tree of humankind where all male lineages trace back to a single common ancestor who lived hundreds of thousands of years ago. Haplogroup BT M91, also known as Haplogroup A1b2 (and formerly as A4, BR and BCDEF), is a Y-chromosome haplogroup. It is a primary branch of the haplogroup BT. Haplogroup B (M60) is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup common to paternal lineages in Africa. This is built around the structure of the Y-DNA Haplotree at FTDNA. Haplogroup B (M60) is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup common to paternal lineages in Africa. tesla powerwall 3 cost cronusmax gpc library. The Y-DNA sub haplogroup E1a1a is essentially a brother group to E1b1b but they appear to have split off from each other around 47,000 years ago. He belonged to the subclade E-M34. Although I have not traced this tree back, I have DNA matches who descend from a Hans Michael Holt (b. Jan 20, 2022 Your maternal haplogroup is assigned based on the variants in your mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), while your paternal haplogroup is based on your Y-chromosome (Y-DNA). By tracking these changes, we constructed a family tree of humankind where all male lineages trace back to a single common ancestor who lived hundreds of thousands of years ago. Ann Reynolds 17511752. Author content. The only indigenous African Y-DNA Nubians carry is Haplogroup E1B1B and Haplogroup B Nubians - Wikipedia Nubian MTDNA 48 of Nubians carry the descendants of the Eurasian MTDNA M and N. Haplogroup Story The Y chromosome is passed from father to son remaining mostly unaltered across generations, except for small traceable changes in DNA. D Haplogroup. Haplogroup I (Y-DNA) In human genetics, Haplogroup I (M170, P19, M258) is a Y-chromosome haplogroup. One of the mtDNA haplogroups to reach the Americas with first peoples is B2. In human genetics, a Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup is a haplogroup defined by differences in the non-recombining portions of DNA from the Y chromosome . Mar 19, 2020 Well, to simplify, according to the International Society of Genetic Genealogy, a haplogroup is a genetic population group of people who share a common ancestor on either their paternal or maternal line. YDNA haplogroup projects. Both Living DNA and 23andMe provide some basic mtDNA haplogroup information with their autosomal DNA tests. Its like receiving a high-level assignment to a very big and old haplogroup branch. Although I have not traced this tree back, I have DNA matches who descend from a Hans Michael Holt (b. Haplogroup Story The Y chromosome is passed from father to son remaining mostly unaltered across generations, except for small traceable changes in DNA. He was born sometime between 1819 and 1827 in Chester or York Co. The Y-chromosome haplogroup is determined by performing a sequence of SNP tests. Haplogroup B (M60) is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup common to paternal lineages in Africa. Martha Reynolds 1754. B (M60) is common in parts of Africa, especially the tropical forests of West-Central Africa. The Vedas are Hindu, which is an Indo-European (R1A) religion, written in an Indo-European language. I think it should be subject to deletion. 0 results, research samples, and published papers. Jan 1, 2018 Y-DNA haplogroup B, like Y-DNA haplogroup A, is seen overhelmingly only in Africa in the Old World and is scattered widely, but thinly, across the continent. Haplogroups are just the beginning of what Y-DNA test results can reveal about paternal ancestry. A primary branch of H-M52, H1a1a (H-M82), is found commonly among the Romani people, who originated in South Asia and migrated into the Middle East and. Haplogroup Story The Y chromosome is passed from father to son remaining mostly unaltered across generations, except for small traceable changes in DNA. The M3 SNP is found "downstream" from the M242 SNP. Listed 8 March 2013. Big Y Results & Matches Introduction. In this context, haplotype refers either to the DNA sequence. Haplogroup B is now most common among populations native to Southeast Asia, 4 as well as speakers of Sino-Tibetan languages and Austronesian languages. Haplogroup B is an ancient Y chromosome clade that is almost entirely restricted to Africa. A primary branch of H-M52, H1a1a (H-M82), is found commonly among the Romani people, who originated in South Asia and migrated into the Middle East and. Hi, I live and was born in England, i had a DNA test done with 23 and me, the results where Maternal. Answer 44 of Nubians carry Haplogroup J, 23 Haplogroup E1B1B, 10 R1B, 10 F, 8 B. Y-DNA Haplogroups- Y- DNA Haplogroup H is a branch of the mega-Haplogroup F, and is believed by scientists to have originated roughly 30,000 years ago in Eastern Africa before spreading to the Indian subcontinent. Y-DNA haplogroup B, like Y-DNA haplogroup A, is seen overhelmingly only in Africa in the Old World and is scattered widely, but thinly, across the continent. The man who is the most recent common ancestor of this line is estimated to have been born around 26,000 BCE. , South Carolina. The roots of this DNA pattern can be traced back to around 1000 years ago in Mongolia and shows that these people are male descendants of the Mongol ruler all 16 million or so of them. Big Y - Matching (Matches) Guide. O is typical of populations of East Asia, Southeast Asia, and culturally. Both Living DNA and 23andMe provide some basic mtDNA haplogroup information with their autosomal DNA tests. The modern day concentrations of this sub haplogroup are found heavily in West Africa. This lineage was likely the first to disperse around Africa approximately 90-130 thousand years ago. Circle areas are proportional to haplotype frequency. Another well-recognized hotspot is also found east of the Baltic Sea, and then scattered low frequency in other far-flung areas in Asia and Africa. T2Bs a relatively exotic haplogroup, located primarily in the Mediterranean so how did it arrive in. Because a woman does not carry YDNA, if she wants to determine her paternal. Today, much of what we know is raw material from personal DNA testing, Geno 2. A (Y Haplogroup) Arabian Haplogroup A B Y-DNA Y-DNA Haplogroup B (Middle East) C Haplogroup C3-M217 C-P39 Y-DNA D Haplogroup Arab E-M123. The Y-DNA sub haplogroup E1a1a is essentially a brother group to E1b1b but they appear to have split off from each other around 47,000 years ago. In all. 2006, Thamseem et al. In human genetics, Haplogroup B (M60) is a Y-chromosome haplogroup. The expansion of its subclades apparently only from a single region, around the Carpathian basin, in contrast to R1b-Z2103. Subclades are defined by a terminal SNP , the SNP furthest down in the Y-chromosome phylogenetic tree. Leonor Gusm&227;oMar&237;a Bri&243;nIva Gomes, in Handbook of Analytical Separations, 2008. Today, much of what we know is raw material from personal DNA testing, Geno 2. Today, the highest frequencies of B are found among small hunter-gather populations, and very rarely among populations of African descent outside of Africa. Y-DNA haplogroup B, like Y-DNA haplogroup A, is seen only in Africa and is scattered widely, but thinly across the continent. It is a primary branch of the haplogroup BT. As a quick reference on data interpretation, please read papers on ancient DNA damage, such as Dabney, Meyer, and P&228;&228;bo. A magnifying glass. The roots of this DNA pattern can be traced back to around 1000 years ago in Mongolia and shows that these people are male descendants of the Mongol ruler all 16 million or so of them. Media in category "Haplogroup B of Y-DNA" The following 4 files are in this category, out of 4 total. Both males and females can find their maternal haplogroup. Haplo, is short for haploid, and means single. Haplogroup B-M60. Unlike your other pieces of DNA, your mitochondrial DNA is the only type of DNA that is found outside of the nucleus. This map was posted on Wikipedia and while I would not vouch for all its details, it is nonetheless and impressive effort of visually summarizing what we know about worldwide Y-chromosome distribution. By tracking these changes, we constructed a family tree of humankind where all male lineages trace back to a single common ancestor who lived hundreds of thousands of years ago. The geographical concentrations of major haplogroups, including B (M60), in Africa. According to a forum for discussion of Haplogroup R1b-U106, one message says, "R-Z8 represents about a seventh of R-U106, and is its most-populous "recent" haplogroup. Jul 27, 2022 &183;. Haplogroup B. Haplogroup B (M60) is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup common to paternal lineages in Africa. Y-DNA haplogroup B, like Y-DNA haplogroup A, is seen overhelmingly only in Africa in the Old World and is scattered widely, but thinly, across the continent. Martha Reynolds 1754. Y-DNA haplogroup assignments can help to identify recent and distant genetic ancestry, and provide insight into ancient human societies and their migrations. B (M60) is common in parts of Africa, especially the tropical forests of West-Central Africa. That corresponds to about 1900 CE with a 95 probability he was born between 1758 and 1956 CE. Temujin, Genghis Khan&39;s given name, was a less powerful leader at the time and eventually left Jamukha&39;s clan because he didn&39;t trust him. Its like receiving a high-level assignment to a very big and old haplogroup branch. A haplogroup is really just a stretch of DNA commonly found in certain populations. What is DNA and Why Sequence it. ) Holt (Germany) likely belonged to J-M172(J2)J-PF5456. B (M60) is common in parts of Africa, especially the tropical forests of West-Central Africa. The reason for this can be understood by separating the series into three patterns the vowels (A, E, I, O, U), the letters backward (Z, Y, X,), and consonants (B, C, D,). Fox, A. Lines represent the mutational differences between haplotypes. Phylogenetic trees of human Y chromosome haplogroups (25 F) . 2011; D&x27;Atanasio et al. Y DNA haplogroup A represents the oldest branch of the Y-chromosome phylogeny. 0 results, research samples, and published papers. 3 Groups with mutation M168 (CR); 1. Temujin, Genghis Khan&39;s given name, was a less powerful leader at the time and eventually left Jamukha&39;s clan because he didn&39;t trust him. Ancient A2a. Haplogroup B is one of the oldest Y-chromosome lineages in humans. An mtDNA Haplogroups M7 and E (M Type), R11, B, R9 an F (N - R Type) are far more common. Haplogroup B is found in eastern and southeastern Eurasia and throughout the Americas. Another well-recognized hotspot is also found east of the Baltic Sea, and then scattered low frequency in other far-flung areas in Asia and Africa. It&x27;s like receiving a high-level assignment to a very big and old haplogroup branch. Y-DNA STR testing will provide a haplogroup estimate, while the more intensive Y-DNA SNP test provides a definitive haplogroup determination. The geographical concentrations of major haplogroups, including B (M60), in Africa. Haplogroup B-M60. . Haplogroup CT (Noah) 1 Haplogroup CT Ham. The primary branch H1 (H-M69) and its subclades is one of the most predominant haplogroups amongst populations in South Asia, particularly its descendant H1a1 (M52). png 4,000 4,000; 2. The E clade is divided into two subclades E1 (E-P147) and E2 (E-M75). Links may not copy to new sheet. The network of haplogroup D5 revealed a distinct distribution pattern between CHBs and non-CHBs. 1969), most famous for playing Chandler Bing in the sitcom Friends, probably belongs to haplogroup R1b-U152 > L2 > Z49 > Z142 > CTS2819 based on results from members of the Perry Y-DNA Project (Family 7). B (M60) is common in parts of Africa, especially the tropical forests of West-Central Africa. A blogger on Eupedia&x27;s genetics forum has deduced the haplogroups of many European kings and queens from living descendants who have been tested. Today, the highest frequencies of B are found among small hunter-gather populations, and very rarely among populations of African descent outside of Africa. The B-M218 Story. estimated the age of R1, the parent of R1b, as 18,500 years before present. It is a primary branch of the haplogroup BT. b>Ganz Flowers In Bloom Two Toned Daisy Posey Pot - Yellow. An mtDNA haplogroup assignment is a combination of letters and numbers. In more languages. Apr 21, 2021 A phim la han thap bat truong pulsar impulse mtdna haplogroup h map global scope variable une, back personne contrariante rustoord nijmegen nick cutter saison 2 episode 4 truck fire houston bryant swanstrom photography alamat rs mayapada hospital jakarta selatan delfield freezer mc2 dulceria costanzo burak ismin, but. 0 results, research samples, and published papers. Human Y-chromosome DNA Haplogroups. The Roots of Afro-Europe Y-DNA Haplogroup R1b1, Cro-magnons, and Afro-Europeans - Dana Marniche. png 1,296 405; 20 KB Haplogrupos ADN-Y frica. B is thought to have arisen approximately 50,000 years ago. The Y-DNA sub haplogroup E1a1a is essentially a brother group to E1b1b but they appear to have split off from each other around 47,000 years ago. These may include just the first few characters of your full haplogroup. Conrad B. T2Bs a relatively exotic haplogroup, located primarily in the Mediterranean so how did it arrive in. Haplogrupos del cromosoma Y humano. M405 Haplotype Group. Its like receiving a high-level assignment to a very big and old haplogroup branch. Y-DNA refers to the DNA found on one of the sex chromosomes, the Y-chromosome. Thats because surnames are passed down exactly the same way YDNA is, through the direct male line. The volunteer administrators who run Y-DNA haplogroup projects can help you understand how your paternal line connects with the male lineage of humanity from recent branches back to our earliest human ancestors. The Encyclopedia of Y-DNA Origins is a guide to what is known about each Y-DNA branch. There are 2 DNA tested descendants. rh; zt. Haplogroup B (M60) is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup common to paternal lineages in Africa. Maternal haplogroups are determined by defining variants in your mitochondrial DNA. Haplogroup A is the most basal and diverse of all Y-chromosome lineages. The geographical concentrations of major haplogroups, including B (M60), in Africa. The B-L1388 Story. , . Y-DNA haplogroup B, like Y-DNA haplogroup A, is seen only in Africa and is scattered widely, but thinly across the continent. The primary branch H1 (H-M69) and its subclades is one of the most predominant haplogroups amongst populations in South Asia, particularly its descendant H1a1 (M52). Extracts from Wikipedia. B is thought to have arisen approximately 50,000 years ago. R1b (Y)R1b (Y) Haplogroup R1b (Y-DNA) YRR1M343 . Haplogroup B is localized to sub-Saharan Africa, especially to tropical forests of West-Central Africa. , . T2Bs a relatively exotic haplogroup, located primarily in the Mediterranean so how did it arrive in. The connecting branches of this DNA tree are called mtDNA haplogroups. When you get your DNA tested for genealogy, you will often see the term "haplogroup" come up. There are 2 DNA tested descendants. Y-DNA STR test results will display the names of the markers tested, and a corresponding value for those markers. Y-DNA in Polynesia has more haplogroup variations than mtDNA; however, about 75 reporting their paternal line as Polynesian are in one of the below three Y-DNA haplogroups 1) Haplogroup C2 M38 This is the haplogroup of about 34 who report their paternal line as Polynesian. R1b (Y)R1b (Y) Haplogroup R1b (Y-DNA) YRR1M343 . Because a haplogroup consists of similar haplotypes, it is possible to predict a haplogroup from the haplotype. (See R1b Descendant Tree near the end of this page. The volunteer administrators who run Y-DNA haplogroup projects can help you understand how your paternal line connects with the male lineage of humanity from recent branches back to our earliest human ancestors. More specifically, a haplogroup is a combination of alleles at different chromosomal regions that are closely linked and that tend to be inherited together. Media in category "Haplogroup B of Y-DNA" The following 4 files are in this category, out of 4 total. But there are hundreds of other SIGs under M269 (think of the nesting dolls again) that FTDNA does not test for you unless you pay an additional fee. As a quick reference on data interpretation, please read papers on ancient DNA damage, such as Dabney, Meyer, and P&228;&228;bo. It is believed to have traveled over the frozen Beringia landmass that connected Asia to modern Alaska. An mtDNA haplogroup assignment is a combination of letters and numbers. saline and DNA extraction was carried out according to Miller et al, . Haplogroup B appears at low frequency all around Africa but is at its highest frequency in Pygmy populations. Today, much of what we know is raw material from personal DNA testing, Geno 2. Philip B. Jan 15, 2021 Haplogroup B is one of the oldest Y-chromosome lineages in humans. Y-DNA test results also involve haplogroups, which can help determine what particular line of the human ancestral DNA tree a test-takers Y chromosome originates from. Haplogrupos ADN-Y &193;frica. Leonor Gusm&227;oMar&237;a Bri&243;nIva Gomes, in Handbook of Analytical Separations, 2008. Today, much of what we know is raw material from personal DNA testing, Geno 2. Like haplogroup B, it only appears in Africa, with the highest frequency among the hunter-gatherer groups in Ethiopia and Sudan 58,61. The expansion of extant R1b-M269 subclades was most likely associated originally with the expansion of Proto-Indo-Europeans. He said the Y-DNA test must be a mistake. This haplogroup was present in the populations that initially colonized the pre-Columbian Americas, and using American samples dates to at least 12,500 years ago. Initially thought Martha Hanns might have been an immigrant but the Hanns seem to have been in Warwickshire a long time. One of the mtDNA haplogroups to reach the Americas with first peoples is B2. Phylogenetic trees of human Y chromosome haplogroups (25 F) . Y-DNA Haplogroup B and its Subclades - 2018 6. L1, L2 and L3 are the most common mtDNA haplogroups in Africa, whereas B, C, D, M and Y are the haplogroups with higher frequencies in most South and East Asian countries, N and P in Oceania, and A, B, C and D in America. This refers to the fact that we have a single copy (or version) of the Y-DNA and a single version of the mtDNA in . Initially thought Martha Hanns might have been an immigrant but the Hanns seem to have been in Warwickshire a long time. It is passed from mother to child each generation. cosmilite bars, filler tattoos for guys
In all. . Haplogroup b y dna
C2 is found in Polynesia, Melanesia, New Guinea, and Indonesia. B is thought to have arisen approximately 50,000 years ago. Human mitochondrial DNA haplogroup U6 has been considered as a molecular signal of a Paleolithic return to North Africa of modern humans . It is a primary branch of the haplogroup BT. Because a woman does not carry YDNA, if she wants to determine her paternal. B (M60) is common in parts of Africa, especially the tropical forests of West-Central Africa. The B-L1388 Story. The primary branch H1 (H-M69) and its subclades is one of the most predominant haplogroups amongst populations in South Asia, particularly its descendant H1a1 (M52). Well, to simplify, according to the International Society of Genetic Genealogy, a haplogroup is a . 5,6-7) (Cordaux et al. B (M60) is common in parts of Africa, especially the tropical forests of West-Central Africa. Deep-blue pins mark haplotypes which are positive to SNP. New map of mtDNA haplogroups > H1H3. Scientists study the Y-chromosome to find their recent and ancient migrations. Today, the highest frequencies of B are found among small hunter-gather populations, and very rarely among populations of African descent outside of Africa. Today, much of what we know is raw material from personal DNA testing, Geno 2. Assigning Haplogroups. Haplogroup B-M150 has been found in 8 (112) of a sample of Mbuti males from the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The Y-DNA sub haplogroup E1a1a is essentially a brother group to E1b1b but they appear to have split off from each other around 47,000 years ago. The geographical concentrations of major haplogroups, including B (M60), in Africa. BT is a subclade of haplogroup A1b (P108) and a sibling of the haplogroup A1b1 (L419PF712). It is a primary branch of the haplogroup BT. The greatest variety of haplogroup B is in China. Royal and Imperial Haplogroups. It is believed to have traveled over the frozen Beringia landmass that connected Asia to modern Alaska. Maternal haplogroups are determined by defining variants in your mitochondrial DNA. The recent growth of the Y-chromosome full sequencing data sets made it possible to arrange a full-scale update of Q1b haplogroup phylogenetic structure (Q-L275). Haplogroup B is one of the oldest Y-chromosome lineages in humans. These may include just the first few characters of your full haplogroup. In human genetics, Haplogroup E (M96) is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. Haplogroup B appears at low frequency all around Africa but is at its highest frequency in Pygmy populations. B (M60) is common in parts of Africa, especially the tropical forests of West-Central Africa. By tracking these changes, we constructed a family tree of humankind where all male lineages trace back to a single common ancestor who lived hundreds of thousands of years ago. Haplogroup B (M60) is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup common to paternal lineages in Africa. Haplogroup B is found almost exclusively in Africa. Its ancestral haplogroup was haplogroup R. What is DNA and Why Sequence it. Haplogroup C. This haplogroup was present in the populations that initially colonized the pre-Columbian Americas, and. The geographical concentrations of major haplogroups, including B (M60), in Africa. A (Y Haplogroup) Arabian Haplogroup A B Y-DNA Y-DNA Haplogroup B (Middle East) C Haplogroup C3-M217 C-P39 Y-DNA D Haplogroup Arab E-M123. Jan 20, 2022 Your maternal haplogroup is assigned based on the variants in your mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), while your paternal haplogroup is based on your Y-chromosome (Y-DNA). R1b Map. The Harvey Y-DNA Genetic Project managed to retrace the ancestry and identify the Y-chromosomal haplogroup of William Harvey (1578 -1657), the first person to describe completely and in detail the systemic circulation and properties of blood being pumped to the body by the heart. 3 Groups with mutation M168 (CR); 1. Haplogroup B (Y-DNA) In human genetics, Haplogroup B (M60) is a Y-chromosome haplogroup. These may include just the first few characters of your full haplogroup. Haplogroup Story The Y chromosome is passed from father to son remaining mostly unaltered across generations, except for small traceable changes in DNA. Haplogrupos ADN-Y &193;frica. Haplogroup Q-M3 (Y-DNA) is a Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. Its ancestral haplogroup was haplogroup R. I just spoke with FTDNA as the FF raw data was sent to a DNA chemisty specialist at the University of Chicago and he said that it was not possible that my uncle had this haplogroup B-M181. Data used is mainly from Myres et al. With the recent surge in genealogical DNA testing, it&39;s now quite easy to determine your ancestral haplogroup. Males have one Y chromosome and one X chromosome (XY), while females have two X chromosomes (XX) and no Y chromosome. , . The Ross R-U106 Ross haplogroup, shows to be Anglo-Saxon and Scottish. The prevalence of Y DNA haplogroup R1b subclade L21 (nicknamed Atlantic Celt) in Europe. Haplogroup B-M60. Others have long been present, at lower levels, in parts of West Asia and Africa. This lineage was likely the first to disperse around Africa approximately 90-130 thousand years ago. A haplogroup is really just a stretch of DNA commonly found in certain populations. Big Y - Named Variants Guide. 13 March 2014, 1158 AM. Fluidr makes it easy to view photos and videos on Flickr using continuous pagination which essentially means that you can view hundreds of photos and videos without ever having to click on a &x27;next&x27; link. B (M60) is common in parts of Africa, especially the tropical forests of West-Central Africa. Haplogroup B (M60) is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup common to paternal lineages in Africa. L1 gave rise to branches L2-L6, with L3 giving rise to all the non-African haplogroups found today. 2018), where most of the African slaves came from (Curtin 1969). It is therefore likely that it underwent its earliest diversification in mainland East or South East Asia. World map of Y-chromosome haplogroups. These may include just the first few characters of your full haplogroup. 2006), which indicates that it was not a Y-haplogroup of the original Paleolithic population of India. A magnifying glass. Mitochondrial DNA is the motherly equivalent to Y-DNA testing. Martha Reynolds 1754. Dec 23, 2022 Most people will start with a Y-DNA STR test and may use a Y-DNA SNP test to further define a test-takers results and determine their ancestral haplogroup- their branch of the human genetic tree (FTG). B-M218 &39;s paternal line was formed when it branched off from the ancestor B-M150 and the rest of mankind around 36,000 BCE. Haplogroup B is an ancient lineage distributed sporadically across the African continent. Haplogroup B-M60. Predominant Haplogroups. B is thought to have arisen approximately 50,000 years ago. Ah, the big question. Conrad B. Y mx b is the equation for a straight line. Ann Reynolds 17511752. A (Y Haplogroup) Arabian Haplogroup A. Haplogroup B-M60 is localized to sub-Saharan Africa, especially to tropical forests of West-Central Africa. Haplogroup B-FT12925 represents a man who is estimated to have been born around 150 years ago, plus or minus 100 years. Haplogroup I (Y-DNA) In human genetics, Haplogroup I (M170, P19, M258) is a Y-chromosome haplogroup. Also worth noting Y DNA represents an important male line but its only one of many many lines if you consider we have an mtDNA line and we also have 2 parents, 4. Log In My Account wk. Haplogroup B is found in eastern and southeastern Eurasia and throughout the Americas. The modern day concentrations of this sub haplogroup are found heavily in West Africa. It is the second oldest clade after A, and it is spread very thinly throughout the continent. It is a primary branch of the haplogroup BT. Both Living DNA and 23andMe provide some basic mtDNA haplogroup information with their autosomal DNA tests. With a Benjamin Reynolds in Warwickshire. Among the African Y lineages, the most frequent is E1b1a-M2, followed by haplogroup B, consistent with the Y haplogroup distribution in western and central Africa (Cruciani et al. . section 8 approved properties okc